The Poetry Brothel — And What it Means…

My new column is up at Metro. It’s a long rumination on the essence of “The Poetry Brothel” and the manner in which we get our literary fix.

Many thanks to The Poetry Brothel, specifically La Llorana (the poet who gave me a reading), Jemini Blondé (the dancer featured in the picture), and Luna Liprari for her help in answering my questions.

Groundhog Day and Bourgeois Submission

Everyone likes Groundhog Day. But have we really understood this movie for what it is? As a child, I thought I was watching a story about a man who is given an opportunity to fix everything that is wrong with his life. But when I watched this movie again as I an adult I realized that this perennial family favorite was about something entirely different: the total destruction of an individual identity by an unrelenting and insipid petty bourgeois culture. 

From the outset the film leads us to believe there is something wrong with the protagonist Phil Conners. He certainly has several characteristics that set him apart from the other characters, but none of them are necessarily bad. He has an acerbic, penetrating sense of humor. He lacks enthusiasm for the things that make other people happy such as a Groundhog Day celebration. But Phil’s most salient and (to some) most egregious characteristic is that the way he treats people corresponds to the way he feels about them. This is an unforgivable sin in middle class American life. For instance, he finds  Larry, his driver, to be unintelligent and contemptible, but rather than pretend that he cares for Larry Phil treats him in such a way that reveals his true feeling. There is nothing wrong with this. One could say this violates the maxim to be “nice to everyone.” But hiding our true feelings toward other people is far more cruel than letting them know where they stand. The knowledge of other people’s feelings towards us at least gives us the opportunity to befriend them anew or not to befriend them at all.
Phil’s way of life is may be unusual in some places but it is a legitimate and even laudable way to live. Nevertheless, Groundhog Day shows us an environment that is utterly hostile to it. Nothing describes this environment as well as Rita’s description of her “perfect man.”

“First of all, he’s too humble to know he’s perfect. He’s intelligent, supportive, funny. He’s romantic and courageous. He’s got a good body, but doesn’t look in the mirror every two minutes. He’s kind, sensitive and gentle. He’s not afraid to cry in front of me. He likes animals and children, and he’ll change poopy diapers. And he plays an instrument, and he loves his mother.”

Every meaningful cultural and technological advance our civilization has enjoyed has come from people who do not meet this description. What she describes here is a lobotomized zombie creature who prowls the earth smiling at the sight of baby shit. Surely we can aspire to more.

But Phil maintains his way life in spite of this hellish environment. For this, he is our hero; he maintains his identity in the midst of the meretricious world around him. Nevertheless, our hero is eventually confronted by a challenge that is beyond his capabilities: a malevolent force makes him live through the same insipid day over and over again. At first, our hero is brave and mocks the malevolent force by taking advantage of this world. He steals money and spends his time trying to sleep with every woman that he can. But through the course of the movie we watch the hero begin to falter. Indeed, he is beaten, one slap at a time, into total submission to the perky middle class culture around him.

Under normal circumstances, the outsider or the misanthrope has some ultimate solace. He or she can move to a different place or avoid others or, if everything else fails, commit suicide. But the brilliant and malicious idea behind Groundhog Day is “what if we take everything from the outsider – even the possibility of a final reprieve?” There are few ideas as sadistic in film history. In the course the story we see a hero reduced to nothing, and at the end of the film we watch, with a heavy feeling in our chest, the final and ultimate capitulation of a heroic man.
Phil Conner’s transition to lobotomized happiness bears a strong resemblance to Randle McMurphy’s plight in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s nest. There too McMurphy’s unforgivable personality traits (among other things, a sense of humor, treating the other patients as equals),  was found to be unacceptable by the authorities in charge and was stamped over the course of the film. There too the protagonist’s way of life was overcome through violence. But we recognize the tragedy in One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest but not in Groundhog Day. Why is this? 

Despite their differences, we should look at these films in the same way. While the outcome of Cuckoo’s Nest is harsher, the coercive methods by which the films arrive at their endings is the same. 
In the Gay Science, Nietzsche wrote we shouldn’t always view displeasure as a negative aspect of life:

If you experience suffering and displeasure as evil, hateful, worthy of annihilation, and as a defect of existence, then it is clear that besides your religion of pity you also harbor…the religion of comfortableness. How little you know of human happiness, you comfortable and benevolent people, for happiness and unhappiness are sisters and even twins.

It is the people who don’t seek comfort and who rise to the occasion of pain who “contribute immensely to the preservation and enhancement of the species, even if it were only by opposing comfortableness and by not concealing how this sort of happiness nauseates them.”

But the citizens of Punxsutawney are not interested in those things which preserve or benefit the species or themselves, even though they have greatly benefited from them. They have no interest in advancement or in creation. Theirs is a simple and unalterable world view – the religion of comfortableness which commands “perk up and engage in small talk, or else you will suffer until you submit.”

Desires

I’m not afraid of desiring things that I cannot possess. I fear not desiring anything in the first place. When it comes to unmet desires, we can negotiate with reality to reach our goal. Even if that were to fail we could imagine our own success. But you cannot imagine desires into being; you cannot daydream enthusiasm. If I wanted to fool myself into thinking that I could become a great painter I could do so, even if it made me delusional. But could I imagine my way into desiring to become a great painter? Can one pretend to want a woman one has no interest in? Enthusiasm can be faked but it cannot be manufactured.

Or maybe that’s just why I am a terrible salesman. 

“What Do You Do”

In New York City, you will be asked “what do you do” within forty-five seconds of meeting anyone. New Yorkers ask this question for several reasons; some of them are pernicious and some of them are not. A New Yorker may ask this question because of a failure of imagination; the questioner, ignoring the vast complexity of beauty of reality chooses to focus the discussion on one of the most mundane aspects of our existence: what we do for substance, which is often tragically mistaken with our raison d’être. And then there is the pernicious reason. With so many people in the city, there has to be some kind of filter used to determine whether someone is worth your limited time. “Worth” often comes down to a two-part inquiry: what any New Yorker wants to know upon meeting someone is “can this person benefit me sexually or financially.” New Yorkers determine the latter criterion by looking at you, and the former by asking “what do you do?” 

Because everyone is in on it, this question obviously engenders imaginative responses: the intern charged merely with getting coffee for her boss undergoes a transformation into an “vice-president in charge of logistics in the New York City region.” The data entry clerk who shifts numbers from one place on a spreadsheet to another becomes a “financial derivative bond analyst,” which, with the help of his expensive suit, conjures images of private jets and flights to Beijing where the reality is a cubicle. But, like a currency that experiences rampant inflation forcing store owners to raise their prices, New Yorkers have merely raised their expectations in response to the proliferation of exaggerative stories and lies.

I refuse to give a straightforward answer to this question, and it’s not because I don’t have a good response. All I have to say is “I’m a lawyer” and the inquiry for almost everyone will end there (a depressing aspect of existence). From that point on I am presumed to be worthwhile, unless I prove otherwise. My problem with this “what do you do” conversation is that, as I wrote above, I’m either being tested for worth, or my interlocutor and I are engaging in a mutual capitulation and instead of having a real conversation we are instead choosing our “what I do” scripts.

This phenomenon is a good example of what Adorno writes about in the passage pasted below. Since there is “no difference between a person and that person’s economic fate,” asking what someone does is tantamount to asking who they are or what they are. This is regrettable. I feel bad for anyone who seeks fulfillment or meaning through their job. While there may be occasional exceptions, jobs are by their nature repetitive and often degrading since when it comes down to it, in one way or another we are being forced to do something even if it is what we love. We are performing tasks on someone else’s terms. 

It’s not always easy to talk to a complete stranger, and often these tried and true questions will at least get us somewhere. But we should always strive in talking to other people to keep our conversation original and to stay off the script.

Places

One takes the initial setting of his or her childhood as the world’s landscape; a status quo aesthetic by which all others are measured.

It is only later that you learn that the rest of the world does not look like this:

I have an infinite reserve of nostalgia for decaying industrial remnants. These images bring me comfort in the way that all reminders of our childhood homes do. It wasn’t until I left that I learned that rusting machinery and seriatim factories appear to other people as desolate and an unsuitable place to live.

I cannot criticize someone for having such a negative reaction. If I didn’t grow up here and I was just driving by I probably wouldn’t take notice of this landscape. If I did, I would think it was bleak and, in moments of total honesty, I would think it was pathetic.

But I did grow up here, and so I am able to provide value and meaning.

What does this look like to you? I ran down this alley hundreds of times. Sometimes there was a can at the end of it I had to kick:

.

And this is the creek we often swam in, ignorant of the fact that it was constructed solely to carry industrial pollutants over the course of a century:

I don’t live there anymore. Now I live in a place that comes with its own meaning:

You don’t need personal memories to distinguish New York from anywhere else. Its residents have already spoken for it. And if that isn’t enough, plenty of people who haven’t been here have written about it. They have already provided you with the appropriate memories. Now it is your job to live these memories.

Any blemishes you find are merely indications of authenticity. Here, you are always “somewhere.”